Form forging machine



A ril 12, 1960 G. o. CONNER FORM FORGING MACHINE Filed Nov. 8, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 I I I l I I i I I I l I l ll GUY O. CONNEE April 12, 1960 G. o. CONNER FORM FORGING MACHINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed NOV. 8, 1954 INVENTOR. GU) O. C'ONNEE ///S A TOENEY April 1960 G. o. CONNER 2,932,222

FORM FORGING MACHINE Filed Nov. 8, 1954 5 sheets-sheet :5

.HHHII" E lifll mlllh i 03 A? g A I IN V EN TOR.

a GUY o. CONNEE Q'MW S Arroe/vz April 12, 1960 Filed NOV. 8, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR. GUY O. CONNIE April 12, 1960 e. o. CONN-ER FORM FORGING MACHINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Nov. 8, 1954 Com y/S ATTOE/VEK Steel Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of New Jersey Application November 8, 1954, Serial No. 467,463

13 Claims. (Cl. 80-6) This invention relates toimprovements in apparatus for forming grooves or lands in amines and more particularly relates to an apparatus especially adapted to form threaded articles. p

Prior to my inven'on threaded articles such as bolts or the like, for production purposes, were threaded by rolling or by the use of dies. Hollow articles such as nuts or pipe couplings were usually threaded by passing a tap through the article being threaded. In each of the instances above, where the thread was a cut thread, there was a considerable loss of material removed. Furthermore, by all of the above methods, the terminal threads of the articles are usually formed as a thin, fragile fin which was sharp and subject to breakage.

In the manufacture of certain classes of threaded articles it is common practice to use a lower grade of steel,

being one that is not normally desirable for many other purposes. Such steel is frequently obtained from the crop end of ingots which contains foreign particles such as slags, and which has agreat many small voids therein resulting from the release of gases during the cooling. When this material is ultimately formed into blanks that are to be threaded, the thread cutting operation frequently resulted in the enlargement of these voids, imparting a rough appearance to the thread. When the voids occurred at the crest of the thread it resulted in the formation of tears or burrs that interferred with the use of the resultant product.

A particular disadvantage in the prior art resided in the prior method of forming pipe couplings. In order to expediently form the pipe couplings, the tubular stock was threaded by passing a tap straight 'through'th'e stock, which left a thread of uniform diameter on the inside of the coupling. This thread of uniform diameter, as is known to those verse'din the art, engaged with a taper thread on the outside of the pipe when the two ,parts were threaded together the resulting engagement being only a few threads and not a desirable engagement because of the fact that a taper thread was being turned into a cylindrical thread. These joints require the use of copious quantities of sealing compound. The present invention enables couplings to be made where the article threaded may be. threaded internally and have a double. taper thread as in a pipe coupling, in a single-operation.

Furthermore, by my invention I can not'only form threads but various types of grooved articles such as oil grooves in bearings, threaded bores where threads of one pitch are followed directlyby threadsof another pitch such as are used in locking nuts. Many other 'uses'for the forging apparatus of my invention'will be apparent as the understanding of the invention is obtained from the description of an embodiment thereof, which is illustrated by the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings: Fig. l is a verticalside'elevational'view of the machine embodying my invention with certain otherwise hidden parts shown by dottedlines, and, also illustratedby'dotdash lines, an alternate position of the feed means; I

nited States P e r PatentedApr. 12, 1360 Fig. 6 is a vertical medial section of the transfer r'nechanisrn;

Fig. '7 is a detail elevational view of the anvil shown in Fig. 2; and

Fig. 8 is a similar view of the anvil shown in Fig. .1.

Briefly, my invention contemplates a chucking mechanism arranged to hold an article to be worked upon. An arti'cle working anvil is supported from the chucking mechanism concentrically therewith. Means is provided for moving an article into the chuck, holding it pressed into the chuck and providing an additional support for the anvil during the forging operation.' The foregoing is effected by moving the chuck off center relative to the anvil and forcing the work piece into the anvil gradually while rotating the chuck and anvil at the same rpm.

A single shaft drives the chuck and anvil while a train of gears connected to the main drive shaft and to a countershaft operates the countershaft at a reduced speed. The countershaft has cams thereon which co'ntr'ol the movement of the chuck, cams for moving the work holder and work feeder, and a cam for ejecting the work piece after the operation, an of which is done in timed relation to the revolutions of the main shaft.

lower tie plate v15.

is a fdrward column 17 which is also supported from the A base 16 has secured thereto a main upri'ghtfront column 11 and a rear column 12 in parallel spaced relation' to the main column. The two columns areconnected by a top plate-13, a center tie and bearing plate 14 and a Forwardly of the main column 11 baseplate andconnected to the .main column at its top by side plates 18. A motor 20 is provided preferably supported bythe base plate and carries a sprocket21 on its "shaft. The column 12 carries a main shaft bearing 23 and in alignment therewith the column .11 carries a siniilarbear'ing'24 in which a main shaft 25 is rotatably journaled. The' shaft carries a flywheel 26, a spur gear 27, and a sprocket 28 which is secured near the end of the shaftand which is connected to the motorsprocket 21 by a drive chain'22. It will be appreciated that other forms of drives may be used such as V-belts or direct gear connections. The spur gear 27 transmits power, by way of gears 29 and 30, to'a large gear 31 carried on a shaft 32 which is disposed in a plate 33 on the column 12. The gear 31 has connected to ita smaller gear 34 which meshes with another gear 35 carried on a post 36 secured in a slot in the plate 33. The gear 35 meshes with the final gear 68 disposed on a countershaft 39.

It will be appreciated that with this train of gears particularly since the shaft 36 which supports the gear 35 is adjustable in a slot in the plate 33,'the three bottom gears may be interexchanged to provide a different ratio of drive between the main'shaft and countershaft. The result'is that the countershaft is driven at a considerably lower speed thanthe main shaft and that the driving ratio between these two shafts may be varied within wide limits. With the drive as shown, the ratio may be 48 to 1.

The countershaft is supported'in bearings 41 and 42 in the columns Hand 11- respectively, and extendsbeyou'd the frame 11 to a'point just behind the forward frame 17 whereit is journale'dina bearing 43 supported.

. by an upright44 alsosecured to the base 10.

The main shaft is arranged to carry an anvil, which it drives, and it also drives a chuck concentric with the anvil.

As can best be seen in Fig. 2 the main drive shaft is hollow, the spur gear 27 being immovably secured against a shaft shoulder 50. The hollow bore 51 extends completely through the shaft and in its right hand end is provided with a counterbore 52. Seated in the counterbore is an anvil drive member 53 which is held in place by one or more hollow screws 54 having reduced ends 55 which enter into recesses in the drive member 53. The drive member 53 is also provided with a cross key way 56, and the anvil is provided with a stem or shank 58 having a tongue on its end which seats in the key way 56. A draw rod 61 extends through a cap 62 on the end of the shaft and is threaded into the shank of the anvil at 63, a nut 64 being disposed on the threaded end 65 of the shaft '61 beyond the cap. Thus the shaft 7 25 drivesthe member 53 and it in turn, by its tongue and groove connection with the anvil, drives the shank 58 of the anvil, the anvil being held securely seated by the draw rod 61 and nut 64.

Just beyond the point where the set screw 54 passes through the shaft into the anvil drive member 53, the shaft is provided with a peripheral flange 70. This flange forms one of the outer disks of an Oldham coupling, being provided with the slots 71 on diametrically opposite sides arranged to receive tongues 72 of the central disk I 73 which in turn is provided on its other face with tongues 75 that engage in slots in the chuck body 77. This provides a drive which enables the chuck body to be moved off center relative to the anvil.

An ejector means is provided for ejecting the work piece from the chuck and it comprises a hollow cylinder slidably disposed in the bore 51 and it, in turn, has a bore through which the draw rod 61 extends. A pair of fingers 81 carried by the draw rod 61 extends through openings in the drive plate 53 and through grooves 82 on diametrically opposite sides of the shank 58 of the anvil such that when the member 80 is reciprocated, the fingers may engage the work piece and push it out of the chuck.

The ejector body 80 is reciprocated by a sleeve 83 slidably disposed on the exterior of the shaft. The sleeve 83 is provided with coupling pins 84 which extend through slots 85 in the shaft and engage in recesses 86 in the ejector body. The coupling pins 84 are provided with headed ends, the shank being threaded for engagement in the ejector sleeve. It will thus be seen that the ejector sleeve may rotate with the shaft but is slidable on the shaft. The exterior of the sleeve is provided with an annular groove 88 in which an operating ring 89 is journaled. The ring carries pins 90 which are engaged with the ends 91 of an operating lever 92f Preferably, the groove 88 is formed by a flange on one end of the sleeve and by a removable ring 92' which is secured on the sleeve by the threaded pins 84. It will be apparent that the ring and groove construction described could be supplanted by groove engaging rollers carried on the end of the lever 92. The chuck body 77 as well as the center plate of the Oldham coupling is provided with a central bore sufliciently large that ample clearance is provided when it is moved to a position eccentric to the anvil. The front face of the body is counterbored at 101 and receives therein an article receiving plate 103 which is held in the bore by screws 102 that extend through the plate and are threaded into the body 77. The plate is formed with a central recess 104, which, in this instance, is provided with a predetermined degree of taper for receiving therein the tapered wall of the article to be threaded which, in this instance, is indicated as a pipe coupling 105. The periphery of the face of the body and by a removable ring 109 which is held on the body by screws 110, the ring having a portion which engages the inner race of the hearing.

The bearing in turn has its outer race engaged in a head 121 which is provided with a circular recess for holding the bearing and which is held to the head by an inner ring 122 and an outer ring 123 secured in place by screws 124. The head is mounted for vertical reciprocating movement between the sides of the main column 11. Ways are formed for the head on the opposite inner faces of the column 11, the rear face of the way being formed by a pair of vertically spaced rectangular blocks 13%) against which the inner ring 122 bears and an outer face of the way 131 secured to the front end of the column 11 by screws 132.

As can best be seen in Fig. 3, the head 121 has rods 135 threaded into bores that extend into the lower end of the head and which are locked in position by locknuts 136. It will be apparent that the threads provide means whereby the head may be adjustably raised or lowered. The rods extend downward between the columns 11 and extend through a crosshead 137 which may be held in a predetermined position on the rods by means of locknuts 138 and 139 on opposite sides of the head. The crosshead carries the cam roller 140. Spaced below the crosshead 137 is a similar crosshead 143 secured to the rod in the same manner and it carries a cam roller 144. The crossheads 137 and 143 are provided with vertically extending slots on their ends which engage with guides 142 on the column 11. The cam rollers and 144 are engageable .with cams 145 and 146 respectively, which positivelycontrol the raising and lowering of the head, the cams being secured on the countershaft 39.

It will thus be seen that the chuck is rotated through the Oldham coupling and may be reciprocated in timed relation with that rotation by the cams driven by the countershaft. Preferably the cam 146 which, as shown in Fig 3, is rotating along with the cam 145 in a clockwise direction, engages the lower roller 144 and gradually pushes the head downward. Immediately after the downward movement the cam 146 engages the roller 140 and pushes the head abruptly upward. It will be apparent that the character of the reciprocating movement of, the head can be completely controlled by the shape of the cam.

. At this time it may be pointed out that the lever 92 which engages the ejector sleeve is pivotally connected at 93 (Fig. l) in the plate 14 intermediate its end and the lower end of the lever is provided with a roller 94 operating in a cam groove 95 of a barrel cam 96 also secured to the shaft 39. It will be seen that the cam groove 95 is provided with a dwell which moves the lower end of the lever to the left thereby causing the upper end to move to the right, as viewed in Fig. 1. This operation body is provided with a shoulder 107 by which it is seated in a bearing 108. The chuck is engaged with and held firmly to the bearing by the shoulder on the rear of the lever 92 moves the ejector sleeve 93 and causes the ejector pins to eject the finished work piece from its seat in the chuck.

Thework pieces are fed to the chuck one at a time in timed relation to. the operation of the chuck and anvil, the pieces being inserted inthe chuck when the chuck is centered relative to the anvil. To effect this, there is provided a hopper which may be of any conventional design that feeds the pieces into a work chute where they are picked up by a transfer mechanism and inserted in the chuck. The chute and its cooperating mechanism are supported on the front top'of the column 11 and the transfer mechanism is supported on the frame 17--18 forwardly of the column 11.

vAtthe top of the column 11 and extending between two sides is a plate 150 to which the base 151 of a chute is secured in any suitable manner. a The chute proper at 152 is preferably a hollow member of generally square cross section down which the work pieces may slide until theystrike the bottom of the chute indicated at 153. It will be noted that the chute is inclined-atan angle of "chine, there is provided a circular boss 154.

The boss is provided with a Ushaped opening 155 which communicates with an opening 156 at the bottom on the underside of the chute. The articles slide down the chute and would fall out the bottom opening except for the provision of a pair of holding members 157 secured to the opposite sides of the chute by means of studs 159 which extend through clearance openings in the holding members, and are threaded into the side walls of the chute. Between the heads of the stud and the body of the holder'rnember there are provided springs 160 which press the holder members against the sides of the chute but allow them to rock. The lower ends of the holder members are provided with fingers $61 which extend into the chute at the bottom end opposite the opening and prevent disengagement of the article. These fingers have beveled surfaces facing inward toward the workpiece. I

A feed plunger 163 is :jo'urnaled in a. channel 164 in the housing 151, the channel extending at right angles to the chute 152, and the bottom of the channel opening into the chute-opposite the bottom work piece and on the side opposite the opening 155 in the boss 154. The plunger is provided with a groove 166 and the bottom of the groove is provided with a gear rack which meshes with a spur gear 167 disposed on a shaft 171. The other end of the shaft 171 (Fig. 4) has a gear 172, which is in turn in mesh with a gear rack 168 mounted on the side of the-column 11 in a bracket 169 secured to the column by screws 170. See Fig. 2.

Rotation of the spur gear 167 moves the plunger 163 downward into engagement with a work piece and shoves the workpiece against the cam faces of the fingers and beyond these fingers onto the center 175 of the transfer mechanism. The gear rack 168 is reciprocated in timed relation by a connecting rod 173 connected to the lower end thereof, and having its bottom end connected to a "lever 174- pivotally secured at r76 on the opposite side of the column 11; The lever $.74 carries a cam roller 177 which engages with a cam 178. It should be'noted that the gear rack operates only when the roller 17'7' drops into the fall 1179 and that it only operates at that time and drops into this fall by virtue of .a spring 18% having the upper end connected to the column at 181 and the lower end connected to the lever at 2&2. Thus,

osa es should a piece become jammed in the chute when the spring 180 pulls up the lever 174 and with it the connecting rod 173, the rack 168 will fail to move because the spring 180 has insufficient tension to move the rack 168 in the presence of an impediment which holds the plunger .Means is provided for moving the work piece from the chute, for carrying it down to the chuck, for forcing-it securely into the chuck and for holding it in the chuck while it is being worked upon. This same means also provides a center support for the anvil while the piece is being worked upon. The forward frame which includes the upright 17 and the rearwardly extending plates 18 provides a bed comprising side rails 20% having longi tudinally extending ways 201 in which the slides 293 secured to the carriage base 2% may slide.

u The bottom of the carriage has a bracket 207 extend ing downwardly therefrom, and a toggle comprising links 293 and 2% is provided, with the link 203 pivotally connected to the bracket and the link 209 connected to a block 216 which is adjustable as to position by a screw 211 and locknut 212, disposed in a cross member 213.

The carriage is reciprocated on the base by folding and straightening out the toggle through means connected intermediate'the ends of the link 2109 which is reciprocated in a vertical direction by cams from the countersha-ft 39. The link operating means includes a connecting rod 215 pivotally connected to the intermediate point on the link 269 and adjustably connected to a block 216 by means of its threaded stern and the adjusting nuts thereon. See Fig. 4. A block 216 :is in turnprovided with trunnions 2 17 journaled in a frame 218 which comprises spaced parallel side members, the upper and lower ends of which arejournaled in ways 219 and 220 respectively, carried by the side plates '18 and blocks 221 disposed on the base.

The vertical reciprocating movement of the frame is effected by cams 230 and 231 which raise and lower the .frame by engagement with cam'rollers 232 and 233 respectively. The rollers are supported, respectively, on cross members 234 and 235 extending between-the sides 218. The position of the rollers relative to the cam may be adjusted since the cross members are-secured to the side pieces 218 by means of bolts 236 which extend through slots 237 in the side pieces.

The shape of the raising cam 230 is best shown in Fig. 4, as is also the lowering cam. It will be apparent that the cams can take other forms than'that shown, the conformation of the cams determining the cycle during which the toggle is folded, then opened, and heldiin its extended position.

The carriage is provided with a ,pair of trunnion bearing blocks 240 and 241 (Fig. 5) rising upward from the sides in spaced parallel relation and supporting therein the trunnions 242 and 243 of the combined transfer head and center. The transfer head and center, hereinafter called transfer head for purposes of decription, includes va body 245 having enlarged circular bosses 246 on 0pposite sides and from the center of which extend the trunnions 2'42 an'd243. These trunnions, therefore, extend from the'sides of the body slightly to the rear of the center thereof. Below the trunnions and to the rear thereof is provided a roller 248 (Fig. 1) supported on a pin 249 secured in the body. Since this roller is disposed to one side of the center line of the trunnions, when the transfer head and its carriage are reciprocated, the transfer head is also caused to pivot about its trunnions by cooperation with a cam 250 carried by the bed and engageable by the roller. The cam 250 includes a vertical roller abutting surface 251 at the lower end of which is a recess 252 and forward of which is a dwell 253. In the position shown in Fig. l, where the transfer head is forced to its position toward the chuck, the roller rests on the dwell 253 holding the transfer head in a horizontal position. When the toggle is folded the transferhead moves straight to the 'rear until the roller engages the vertical surface 251 which, since it is below the horizontal center line of the trunnions, causes the head to be tilted, the roller going down into the recess 252, at which time the transfer head is held at an angle of substantially Although only one cam is shown, it is to be understood that it may be desirable to have two cams 250 and two rollers 240 disposed on opposite sides of the transfer head and working together.

A detailed view of the transfer head is shown in Fig. 6 and comprises a forwardly extending cylindrical body 260 having a connterbore 261 in which bearings 262 are supported in horizontally spaced relation, the bearings being held in by a collar 263 threaded in the end of the bore and engaging the outer races. The inner races of the bearings support a bushing 265 which extends through the inner races, the outer end of the bushing being provided with a head 266 having a hardened threaded cap the main body is provided with a bore 270 separated from the front bore 261 by a flange 271, which bore 'is illustrated as being of a slightly smaller diameter. "A

slidable spindle or center support is provided andcomprises a cylindrical member 273 for sliding engagement with the wall 270, the cylindrical member 273 being provided with a pocket 274 which allows it to surround the locknuts and engage with the partition 271. The support is provided with a bore 276 in which a thrust bearing 277 is seated, the thrust bearing surrounding the shaft 280 of the spindle 175. The rear end of the bore is internally threaded at 282. A spindle stop and pressure member is adjustably secured in this bore and comprises an exteriorly threaded cylindrical body 283 in threaded engagernent with the bore. A jam nut 284 is threaded on the body and engages the rear of the housing. The inner end of the pressure member carries a thrust bearing 285.

-'A retainer 286 surrounds the bearing and locks the two parts in position. Interiorly of the thrust stop body 283 there is provided a bore 290, the rear end of which is threaded at 291 to receive a threaded spring adjusting collar 292. A jam nut 293 is provided on the outer end of this threaded portion which engages with the thrust stop body 283 enabling the same to be locked in an adjusted position. The collar is provided with a reduced end 294 having spanner holes for adjusting it. A helical spring 296 surrounds the shaft 280 of the spindle, engaging the thrust bearing 277 at one end and the collar 292 at the other end. This spring holds the thrust bearing and with it the slidable spindle support as well as the spindle in the forward position since an inner flange 278 of the spindle support engages with a shoulder 281 on the spindle. The free position of the spindle may be controlled by a pair of jam nuts 300 disposed on the threaded end of the spindle at the outer extremity. The body of the spindle 175 extends through and is slidable in the bush ing 265. The extremity 288 is formed as a frustrum of a cone. Spaced slightly rearward from the conical end, the spindle is provided with a transverse bore 302 in which a ball 303 is disposed, which ball is prevented from coming out of the bore by reentrant walls at the end of the bore, but a portion of which is pressed outward by a spring 304 engaged by a set screw 305 threaded in the bore.

As canv be seen, the extended position of the left end of the spindle may be controlled by the adjusting nuts 300. Pressure on the end 288 causes the enlarged part of the spindle 287 to slide in the bushing 265 forcing the slide support 273 rearward along with the thrust bearing 277 compressing spring. The spindle may thus move rearward until it is stopped by the support 273 engaging the thrust bearing retainer 286, the position of which is determined by the thrust stop body 283.

The operation of the apparatus is as follows:

The coupling blanks, nut blanks or other articles to be threaded are fed into the chute where they slide down to the bottom of the chute, one of them being opposite the opening 155 in the boss. It being assumed that the motor is energized and the main shaft and countershaft are revolving as described and that at this time the transfer mechanism is in its tilted position as shown by the dot-dash lines in Fig. 1. Under these conditions the cam 178 first causes the operation of the plunger 166 in the manner previously described to push the work piece beyond the holders at the bottom of the chute and onto the spindle 175, the coupling blank being forced onto the spindle. The ball 303 engages with the inner surface of the piece and holds the same against accidental displacement. The pressure of the plunger, being a spring pressure, when the work piece bottoms against the cap 267 it is stopped and continued revolution of the cam 173 moves the lever 174 when the roller 177 rides up on the dwell of the cam, thereby retracting the plunger.

Immediately after the plunger is retracted the raising cam 230 engages the roller 232 forcing the frame 218 upwards straightening out the toggle linkage 208-209 causing the transfer carriage to move toward the chuck on the bed. Since the carriage is moving the roller 248 .is now in the recess 252 on the cam plate 250, transfer head is pivoted in a downward direction the piece sliding out of the boss 154 which is open at the bottom.

The head continues its downward tilting movement until the roller 248 rides up on the dwell 253 at which time the spindle is in axial alignment with the chuck and anvil. The continued sliding movement of the carriage'due to the straightening of the toggle now causes the transfer head to move directly toward the chuck and the work piece is forced into the tapered socket 104 of the chuck, the cap 267 on the spindle forcing it securely home. At the same time the conical end 288 of the spindle 175 engages in the center hole of the anvil and the spindle is pressed rearwardly in the transfer body as previously described. When the toggle finally arrives at its locked position the piece is engaged in the chuck and held therein by the cap 267, the pressure of which may be determined by the adjusting screw 211 which connects to the toggle. The

anvil is held securely pressed by the spindle because the spindle slide support 273 has now engaged the thrust bearing 285. Here again, the holding pressure can be determined by the position of the thrust stop body 283.

The next operation is the movement of the chuck off center which is efiected by the cam 146 which moves the head 121 along with the chuck downward, this movement being a gradual one due to the shape of the cam 146. The work piece and the anvil at this time are both being revolved the same number of revolutions per minute. The Work piece is, therefore, fed against the anvil which causes a forging of the metal which is a combined pressing and sliding movement of the metal relative to the anvil due to the fact that, although the work piece and anvil move at the same number of revolutions per minute, the work piece is larger than the anvil and, therefore, its peripheral speed is greater.

The forging operation continues until the desired grooves are forged in the article, the depth of the grooves and the amount of forging being determined by the shape of the cam 146. When the dwell of the cam rides off of the roller 144, the cam 145 immediately contacts the roller 140 which quickly raises the head. After the head is raised and the spindle and the anvil and work piece "are centered the cam 231 lowers the frame 218, folds the toggle 208-209 and the transfer head moves rearwardly, the roller 248 moving off of the dwell 253 and rearward until it strikes the abutment 251 which tilts the head to the position shown in Fig. 1, which was the start position.

At about the time the head reaches the tilted position the barrel cam 96 moves the lever 92 which operates the ejector body moving the fingers 81 into contact with the work piece and shoving it out of the chuck.

A shield may be fastened to the transfer mechanism to make sure that the ejected work piece falls downward where it goes into a chute, not shown.

From the foregoing it can be seen that due to the fact that the anvil is supported by a live center in a rigid manner that threads may be formed in extremely heavy articles.

As previously stated, the construction of the anvil is such that, when used in conjunction with the apparatus described, there is a flowing of the material of the article caused by the anvil as distinguished from the cutting and tearing accomplished by prior machines, which flowing is accomplished by a peripheral or lineal difference in speed between the anvil and the article being formed, causing one to be drawn across the other during the forming operation resulting in a smoothing or compacting of the metal as it flows, thereby providing an extremely smooth, finely finished product without undesirable burrs or openings.

Two forms of anvil have been shown, one being shown in Figs. 1 and 8, which will forge threads without any taper and the other, shown in Figs. 2 and 7, which will forge double taper threads useful in terminal thread of the anvil is important in this process in that where a thread of this character is formed which does not necessarily continue to the very edge of the article, it is desirable to provide means to allow the metal to flow in the terminal grooves and to be forced from the end of the grooves into the body of the article being forged. That is, if the thread should end abruptly as is common in certain prior art devices, the foregoing operation is such that the metal fills up the .end of the thread first and the vector forces due to the working of the metal on the metal attempt to force this metal at right angles into the body of the article being worked with a result that the pressure is so great that the lands defining the grooves of the anvil are broken down.

If, however, when the groove is being ground in the anvil of either Figs. 7 or 8, a grinding wheel is used I having a sufliciently large radius, for example, 9" onua anvil, and the grinding is continued until the terminal of the groove is reached and then the anvil withdrawn from contact with the wheel in such manner that the circumference of the wheel leaves a groove which gradually merges with the surface, the correct angle is provided for a groove which will subsequently carry out the forming in the manner just described where the metal does not block up in the groove. Another advantage of grinding in this manner is that the groove maintains its profile right down to the very end. For

' instance, the sides would be at 60 in the main body of the groove and continue thusly to the end which again wouldprovide the finished product having threads with no sharp or fragile fins. For instance, in the anvil of Fig. 7, the tapered thread forming surfaces are shown at 431 and 432 and they are flanked by enlarged portions 433 and 434 which, during operation, perform the function normally desired to provide a .counterbore. The end of the anvil is ground to provide a center support 435. 1

instance the wheel would be withdrawn from the groove tangent to the circumferential'root line of the groove, or,

the wheel could be withdrawn on a line which would be curved and be between the line tangent to the root line of the groove and the circumferential root line.

Although I have shown V-type threads it will be apparent that'anvils could be ground or formed embodying the concepts of my invention with any of the well known standard or special thread forms.

Of particular interest is the fact that this form of anvil is especially adapted for long life. If the conventional tap is ground it results in the formation of an undersize tap. The present anvil may be ground many times a 1d ceiving the article, an anvil supported at one end and extending concentrically into the opening through one side of the chuck and common drive means for rotating .the chuck and anvil at the same number of revolutions per minute, a work holding guide for supporting and feeding the articles to a predetermined point, and a transfer means disposed opposite to the other side of the chuck and movable between said predetermined point and the chuck, said transfer means including a spindle for receiving and carrying the articles to the chuck and arranged to deposit the article in the chuck and engage and support the other end of the anvil.

2. A machine for forging threads in hollow articles including a chuck formed with an axial opening for receiving the article, an anvil supported at one end concentrically in the opening in the chuck, common drive means for rotatingthe chuck and anvil at the same number of revolutions per minute, a work holding guide for supporting and feeding the articles to a predetermined point, a transfer means disposed opposite to the chuck and movab'lebetwecn said predetermined point and the chuck, said transfer means including a spindle forreceiving and carrying the articles to the chuck and arrange'dfto deposit the articles in the chuck and engage and support the anvil at its other end, and means for moving the chuck in a radial direction relative to the anvil to force the work piece into engagement with the anvil.

3. A machine for forging grooves in hollow articles includinga driven shaft, an anvil rigidly connected. at one end tosaid driven shaft, a chuck support and a i chuck carried thereby, said chuck having a central work receiving opening disposed around in spaced relation to the anvil, means connected to said shaft and .chuck for rotating the chuck, a transfer means for receiving a work piece and for transferring it to the chuck comprising a bed, disposed opposite the chuck, a carriage. reciprocable longitudinally on the bed,means to reciprocate the carriage on the bed toward and away from the chuck, and means carried by said transfer means for engaging the other end of said anvil during 1 .45 The corresponding parts are shown in Fig. 8, the only a working operation.

4. A machine for forging grooves in hollow articles including a driven shaft, an anvil rigidly connected to said driven shaft, a chuck support and a chuck carried thereby, said chuck having'a central work receiving opening disposed around in spaced relation to the anvil, means connected to said shaft and chuck for rotating the chuck, awork holding guide for receiving and holding work pieces to be fedto said chuck, a transfer means for receiving'a work piece and transferring it to the chuck comprising a bed disposed opposite the chuck,

a carriage for said transfer means reciprocable longitudinally 'on the bed, means to tilt said transfer means into and out of operative work piece engaging position with respect to said guide, and means for reciprocating the carriage onthe bed toward and away from the chuck, said means comprising a cam driven from said first shaft and a toggle linkage having one end connected to the carriage and the other end connected to said bed and a connect'ing link connecting said cam to said toggle linkage intermediate its ends for opening and closing it.

and the fact that it is made smaller may be compensated for by the adjustment of the head position for the chuck including a chuck formed with an artial opening for .re-'

'5. A machine for forging grooves in hollow articles including a driven shaft, an anvil rigidly connected to said driven shaft, a chuck support and a chuck carried ithere'by, said chuck having a central work receiving opening disposed around in spaced relation to the anvil, and means connected to said shaft and chuck for rotating the chuck, a transfer means for receiving a work piece and transferring it to the chuck comprising a bed disposed opposite the chuck, a carriage reciprocable longitudinally and means to reciprocate the carriage in the bed; toward and away from the chuck, a transfenmember pivotally carried on the carriage, and cam means on the bed engageable with the transfer member to transfer the longitudinal movement of the carriage into a tilting movement of the transfer member, and means on the transfer member for picking up an article and carrying it to the chuck, and a second means to engage the article and press it into and hold it in the chuck, said first means arranged to engage and support the anvil while the article is being worked.

6. A forging machine for forging threads or grooves on or in articles including a chuck, an anvil disposed in cooperation relative to the chuck, said chuck arranged to hold an article and means for moving the chuck and anvil relative each other to cause the anvil to engage the article held by the chuck, transfer means for trans ferring an article from a supply to the chuckincluding a bed and a carriage on the bed, a transfer member pi-votally carried on the carriage, and cam means on the bed engageable with the transfer member to transfer the longitudinal movement of the carriage into a tilting movement of the transfer member, and means on the transfer member for picking up an article and carrying it to the chuck, and a second means to engage-the article and press it into and hold it in the chuck, said first means arranged to engage and support the anvil while the article is being worked.

7. A machine for forging grooves or threads in articles, comprising a frame, a main shaft rotatably journaled in the frame and a countershaft rotatably journaled in the frame, a motor drive means connected to the main shaft said main shaft having a driving connection with the countershaft for driving the countershaft at a reduced speed, an anvil and a chuck connected to and driven by the main shaft said main shaft rigidly supporting the anvil, support means for said chuck movably carried by the frame and cam means on the countershaft for reciprocating the support means, said anvil extending into said chuck and said chuck arranged to be moved by said support means so that its axis moves relative to the axis of the anvil, said means supported by the frame to one side of the chuck and including an article feeding means, a transfer means supported by said frame opposite to said chuck and including a live center and a support therefor a second cam means supported by said countershaft and connected to said transfer means for moving said transfer means between the chuck in the feed means, ejector means connected to said feed means and cam means on said countershaft connected to said ejector means operable when the transfer means is at the feed means, said feed means having means engageable with the work piece to force a work piece out of the feed means onto said live center, said live center being arranged to carry said work piece when the transfer means is moved from the chute to the chuck, article contact means disposed around said live center for engaging said work piece, said transfer means being movable longitudinally of the axis of the chuck to cause said contact means to move the work piece into the chuck, said live center including a shaft having an end arranged to engage said anvil, spring means engaging said live center for holding it pressed toward the anvil,

said spring means compressing when the center engages the anvil and said center being movable in said support a predetermined distance, anti-friction abutment means for said center for engaging the center at the end of its movement toward the chuck to hold it under pressure against the end of the anvil and to provide a rotating rigid support for the anvil, said cam means for said chuck arranged to move the chuck with the work piece gradually into engagement with the anvil to forge grooves therein, means for ejecting the finished work piece from the chuck comprising an ejector disposed inside ,said main shaft and having fingers extending alongside said anvil opposite to the work piece and cam means on said -countershaft connected to the ejector to operate the ejector and eject the work piece from the chuck.

8. A machine for forging grooves or threads in articles, comprising a frame, a main shaft rotatably journaled in the frame and a countershaft rotatably journaled in the frame, a motor drive means connected to the main shaft said main shaft having a driving connection with the countershaft for driving the countershaft at a reduced speed, an anvil and a chuck connected to and driven by the main shaft said main shaft rigidly supporting the anvil, support means for said chuck movably carried by the frame and cam means on the countershaft for reciproeating the support means, said anvil extending into said chuck and said chuck arranged to be moved by said support means so that its axis moves transversely relative to the axis of the anvil, said means supported by the frame to one side of the chuck and including an article feeding chute, a transfer means supported by said frame opposite to said chuck and including a live center and a support therefor a second cam means supported by said countershaft and connected to said transfer means for moving said transfer means between the chuck in the feed chute, ejector means connected to saidfeed chute and cam means on said countershaft connected to said ejector means operable when the transfer means is in the feed chute, said feed chute having a plunger engageable with the workpiece to force a work piece out of the feed chute onto said live center, said live center being arranged to carry said Work piece when the transfer means is moved from the chute to the chuck, article contact means disposed around said live center for engaging said work piece, said transfer means being movable longitudinally of the aXis of the chuck to cause said contact means to move the work piece into the chuck, said live center including a shaft having an end arranged to engage said anvil, means engaging said live center for holding it pressed toward the anvil, and movable when the center engages the anvil, said center being movable in said support a predetermined distance, anti-friction abutment means for said center for engaging the center at the end of its movement toward the chuck to, hold it under pressure against the end of the anvil and to provide a rotating rigid support for the anvil, said cam means for said chuck arranged to move the chuck with the work piece gradually into engagement with the anvil to forge grooves therein.

9. A machine for forging grooves or threads in articles, comprising a frame, a main shaft rotatably journaled in the frame and a countershaft rotatably journaled in the frame, a motor drive means connected to the main shaft said main shaft having a driving connection with the countershaft for driving said countershaft at a reduced speed, an anvil and a chuck connected to and driven by the main shaft said main shaft rigidly supporting the anvil, support means for said chuck movably carried by the frame and cam means on the countershaft for reciprocating the support means, said anvil extending into said chuck and said chuck arranged to be moved by said support means so that its axis moves relative to the axis of the anvil, said means supported by the frame to one side of the chuck and including an article feeding means, a carriage bed on said frame opposite to said chuck and a carriage reciprocable longitudinally on the bed, a transfer means carried by the carriage and including a live center and a support therefor, a second cam means supported by said countershaft and connected to said carriage by a toggle, and cam means on said bed engageable with said transfer means for moving said trans fer means between the chuck in the feed means, ejector means connected to said feed means and cam means on said countershaft connected to said ejector means operable when the transfer means is at the feed means, said feed means having a means engageable with the work piece to force a Work piece out of the feed means onto said live center, said live center being arranged to carry said work piece when the transfer means is moved from the chute to the chuck, article contact means disposed 13 around said live center for engaging said work piece, said transfer means being movable longitudinally of the axis of the chute to cause said contact means to move the work piece into the chuck, said live center including a shaft having an end arranged to engage said anvil, spring means engaging said live center for holding it pressed toward the anvil, said spring means compressing when the center engages the anvil and said center being movable in said support a predetermined distance, anti-friction abutment means for said center for engaging the center at the end of its movement toward the chuck to hold it under pressure against the end of the anvil and to provide a rotating rigid support for the anvil, said article contact means engaging said work piece and holding it firmly in the chuck, said cam means for said chuck arranged to move the chuck with the work piece gradually into engagement with the anvil to forge grooves therein, means for ejecting the finished work piece from the chuck comprising an ejector disposed inside said main shaft and having fingers extending alongside said anvil opposite to the Work piece and cam means on said countershaft connected to the ejector to operate the ejector and eject the Work piece from the chuck.

10. A forging machine including a chuck having a work holding recess therein, an anvil supported at one end concentrically within said chuck, the relative diameter of said chuck and said anvil being such that said chuck is spaced from said anvil throughout its circumference, means connected to said chuck and anvil for rotating said chuck and said anvil at the same number of revolutions per minute, means for moving said chuck and said anvil radially in respect to each other to position said anvil for engaging and working a Work piece within said chuck, feed means for engaging a work piece and for inserting the same into said chuck, and means on said feed means for engaging the other end of said anvil to support the same during a forging operation.

11. A forging machine including a chuck having a work holding recess therein, an anvil supported at one of its ends concentrically within said chuck, the relative diameter of said chuck and said anvil being such that said chuck is spaced from said anvil throughout its circumference, common drive means connected to said chuck and anvil for rotating said chuck and said anvil in unison at the same number of revolutions per minute, means for moving said chuck and said anvil radially in respect to each other to position said anvil for engaging and Working a Work piece within said chuck, transfer means for engaging a work piece and for inserting the same into said chuck, means on said transfer means for engaging the other end of said anvil during a forging operation, and means also carried by said transfer means for hold- 14 ing a Work piece in said chuck during the forging operation thereon.

12. A forging machine including a chuck having a work holding recess therein, an anvil supported at one end concentrically within said chuck, the relative diameter of said chuck and said anvil being such that said chuck is spaced from said anvil throughout its circumference, means mounting said chuck for radial movement in respect to the axis of said anvil, means connected to said chuck and anvil for rotating said chuck and said anvil at the same number of revolutions per minute, means for moving said chuck radially on said mounting means to position said chuck relative to said anvil for engaging and working a work piece within said chuck, feed means for engaging a work piece and for inserting the same into said chuck, and means on said feed means for engaging the other end of said anvil to support the same during a forging operation.

13. A forging machine including a chuck having a work holding recess therein, an anvil supported at one of its ends concentrically within said chuck, the relative diameter of said chuck and said anvil being such that said chuck is spaced from said anvil throughout its circumference, means mounting said chuck for radial movement in respect to the axis of said anvil, common drive means connected to said chuck and anvil for rotating said chuck and said anvil in unison at the same number of revolutions per minute, means for moving said chuck radially on said mounting means to position said chuck relative to said anvil for engaging and working a work piece within said chuck, transfer means for engaging a work piece and for inserting the same into said chuck, means on said transfer means for engaging the other end of said anvil during a forging operation, and means also carried by said transfer means for holding a work piece in said chuck during the forging operation thereon.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,010,740 Douglass Dec. 5, 1911- 1,725,246 Bath Aug. 20, 1929 1,792,812 Cameron Feb. 17, 1931 1,946,429 Smith et a1. Feb. 6, 1934 2,054,182 Unke Sept. 15, 1936 2,145,587 Draper Jan. 31, 1939 2,390,533 Hill Dec. 11, :1945 I 2,501,389 Hopkins Mar. 21, 1950 2,514,775 MacKintosh July 11, 1950 2,639,757 Cheek May 26, 1953 2,644,964 MacKintosh July 14, 1953 FOREIGN PATENTS 906,263 France Dec. 28, 1945 

